Today we have a look at The Hidden Link Between Gum Disease and Premature Birth
Despite the remarkable progress in prenatal care, the rate of premature births remains stubbornly high. Surprisingly, almost half of the mothers delivering preterm babies have none of the known risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, or low socioeconomic status. Researchers have been puzzled by this phenomenon and have been exploring other potential factors contributing to premature birth.
Infections, particularly genito-urinary tract infections in expectant mothers, have been linked to a significant number of cases. However, recent studies suggest that infections and inflammation in other areas of the body may also play a role. One area of growing concern is the connection between maternal gum disease (periodontal disease) and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
It appears that the bacteria responsible for periodontal disease in the mouth could affect the health of the pregnant uterus, leading to low birth weight and premature contractions. Premature babies face serious and lasting health problems and are at an increased risk of death, making it crucial to identify potential risk factors.
In a landmark study back in 1996*, researchers found a significant association between preterm birth and periodontal disease. Moreover, due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, about three out of every four pregnant women are more likely to develop or worsen the existing periodontal disease, further exposing them to the risk of premature birth.
A consensus of findings from several studies strongly supports the concept that maternal periodontal disease is linked to prematurity. These studies have provided some of the clearest evidence connecting oral health to overall health. However, the exact impact of periodontal disease treatment on reducing the risk of preterm birth remains somewhat unclear.
Nonetheless, a recent study focusing on pregnant women revealed a strong link between unsuccessful periodontal disease treatment and preterm birth. Another significant issue in human pregnancy is pre-eclampsia, which affects 8 to 10% of all pregnancies and involves high blood pressure. Pre-eclampsia can affect both the mother and the unborn baby, potentially leading to premature birth. Interestingly, indications of an association between periodontal disease and pre-eclampsia have also emerged.
The evidence is compelling, underscoring the importance of maintaining good oral health during pregnancy. Expectant mothers should be aware of the potential risks associated with periodontal disease and take preventive measures. Consulting with healthcare providers and dentists can help in addressing oral health concerns and may contribute to a healthier pregnancy and better outcomes for both mother and baby.
*Links between oral health and general health – the case for action – published by Dental Health Service Vic.
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